Start by steaming the cauliflower florets until they are tender, about 5-7 minutes. You can also microwave them with a splash of water in a covered bowl for a quicker method. Once steamed, let them cool slightly.
In a large mixing bowl, mash the steamed cauliflower with a fork or potato masher until mostly smooth but still slightly chunky for texture.
To the mashed cauliflower, add the egg white, minced garlic, chopped parsley, chopped basil, panko breadcrumbs, and Parmesan cheese if using. Season with sea salt and pepper. Mix until combined.
Dust your hands with all-purpose flour and take a small amount of the mixture to form patties. You can make them as small or large as you prefer, but aim for about 2-3 inches in diameter.
Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it with extra-virgin olive oil.
Place the fritters on the prepared baking sheet and spray the tops lightly with extra-virgin olive oil. Bake for about 20-25 minutes, flipping halfway through, until they are golden brown and crispy.
Once baked, remove the fritters from the oven and let them cool slightly. Serve warm with lemon wedges and marinara sauce on the side for dipping if desired.