In a small mixing bowl, combine the chipotle chili powder, chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, onion powder, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Whisk in the olive oil and lime juice to form a rub.
Pat the chicken breasts dry and rub the spice mixture evenly over both sides. If time allows, let the chicken marinate at room temperature for 30 minutes or refrigerate up to 8 hours, then bring to room temperature before cooking.
For stovetop cooking: heat a large nonstick or heavy skillet over medium-high until very hot. Add the chicken and cook undisturbed 3–5 minutes until well browned on the first side.
Flip the chicken, cover the skillet, reduce heat to medium, and cook 5–7 more minutes, depending on thickness, until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C). Transfer to a cutting board and let rest 5 minutes before slicing.
For grilling: preheat and oil the grill to medium (about 375–450°F). Grill the chicken undisturbed 5–7 minutes per side until cooked through and a thermometer reads 165°F (74°C). Let rest 5 minutes before slicing.