Heat a thin layer of olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add the cubed, well-dried tofu in a single layer without overcrowding and fry 2–4 minutes per side until lightly golden; remove and set aside.
In a blender or food processor, combine cilantro, jalapeño, shallot, garlic, red Thai chili paste, lime juice, ginger, tomato paste, brown sugar, cumin, and turmeric; pulse until it forms a coarse paste.
Add the coconut milk to the blender and process until smooth.
Transfer the sauce to a saucepan and simmer over medium-low heat for 10 minutes to meld flavors.
Add the cubed eggplant and cauliflower florets to the simmering sauce and continue to simmer until tender, about 10 minutes.
Gently fold the fried tofu into the curry, warm through briefly, then turn off the heat.
Serve the curry over rice or with naan, if desired.