Remove the 16 ounces fresh pizza dough from the fridge and place it in a medium bowl; let it come to room temperature (about 30 to 60 minutes).
Preheat the oven to 450°F.
Transfer the warmed dough to a large baking sheet and use your fingers to gently stretch and press it into a large rectangle of even thickness.
Use a fork to poke holes (dock) all over the dough to prevent large bubbles.
Spread the 1/3 cup marinara sauce in a thin, even layer over the dough, leaving a small border for the crust.
Evenly distribute the cheeses over the sauce in this order: sprinkle all of the 1 cup shredded mozzarella, then all of the 1/2 cup shredded Asiago, then arrange the 4 ounces Provolone (slice or tear into small pieces if needed) across the pizza, and finish by sprinkling all of the 1/4 cup Parmesan.
Bake in the preheated oven for 12 to 15 minutes, or until the cheese is bubbling and the crust is golden brown.
Remove from the oven and let the pizza cool for 5 to 10 minutes.
Cut the pizza into strips and serve immediately.