Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the whole wheat spaghetti until al dente according to package directions; reserve a cup of pasta water, then drain.
While the pasta cooks, heat the butter and olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat until the butter melts.
Add the minced garlic and chopped baby kale to the skillet and cook, stirring, until fragrant and the kale is tender, about 2 minutes.
Sprinkle the flour over the kale and garlic, stir continuously and cook for 1 minute to remove the raw flour taste.
Reduce heat to medium-low and whisk in the milk gradually to form a smooth sauce, preventing lumps.
Stir in the chicken bouillon paste, basil, thyme, oregano, red pepper flakes, salt and black pepper until evenly combined.
Add the cooked shredded chicken, chopped artichoke hearts and grated Parmesan; stir and cook about 3 minutes until heated and the sauce begins to thicken. Add a splash of reserved pasta water if needed to loosen the sauce.
Toss the hot drained spaghetti with the sauce in the skillet (or combine in the pot) until well coated. Serve with additional Parmesan if desired.