Pour 6 quarts of water into a 6-quart stock pot, add 1 tablespoon kosher salt, cover with the lid, and heat over high until it reaches a rolling boil; this prepares the water while you make the sauce.
Preheat the oven to broil and arrange a baking sheet for the garlic bread.
In a large skillet over medium heat, warm 2 tablespoons vegetable oil until shimmering.
Add the 1 pound ground beef, breaking it into small pieces with a spoon; sprinkle 1 teaspoon kosher salt over the meat and cook over medium to medium-high, stirring and breaking up the meat, until just past pink.
Pour the 24-ounce jar of Ragu sauce into the skillet with the browned beef, stir to combine, then add 2 teaspoons garlic powder, 1 teaspoon onion powder, and 1 teaspoon black pepper; reduce heat to low and simmer gently while the pasta cooks.
Prepare the garlic bread: lay 4 slices of bread on the baking sheet, top each with a pat of butter, then sprinkle evenly with 1 teaspoon garlic powder and 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt; set aside until the pasta is almost done.
When the pasta water is at a rolling boil, add 1 pound spaghetti and use a wooden spoon to gently push the noodles down until submerged; leave the lid slightly ajar to prevent boil-over and reduce heat to medium once the boil returns.
Stir the noodles frequently and cook according to package directions, about 9–10 minutes, until al dente (slightly chewy but not crunchy).
When the noodles have about 3 minutes remaining, place the prepared bread under the broiler and watch closely; remove when the bread is toasty and the butter is melted.
Drain the cooked pasta in a colander, return it to the stock pot, and serve topped with the warm meat and Ragu sauce alongside the garlic toast.