The day before cooking, combine kosher salt, paprika, onion powder, dried thyme, white pepper, cayenne, black pepper, and garlic powder in a small bowl to make the spice mixture.
Pat the whole chicken dry with paper towels and rub the spice mixture all over the outside of the chicken. Place the chicken on a tray, cover with plastic wrap, and refrigerate overnight.
When ready to cook, stuff the chicken cavity with lemon and/or onion quarters if using.
Set the Instant Pot to Sauté on High. Add a little olive oil and sear the chicken, using tongs to turn, about 5 minutes per side, until browned. Remove the chicken to a platter.
Place the trivet into the Instant Pot and pour in about 1 cup of broth. Set the chicken on the trivet breast side up.
Lock the lid and set the valve to SEAL. Select High Pressure and set the timer for 24 minutes (this timing is for a 4-pound chicken).
When cooking finishes, allow a natural pressure release for 15 minutes, then carefully open the valve to release any remaining pressure.
Transfer the chicken to a platter, tent with foil, and let rest about 10 minutes before carving.