Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add the cubed chicken and cook 1–2 minutes per side, until browned but not fully cooked through; remove any large clusters so pieces cook evenly.
Add 2 teaspoons minced garlic to the skillet and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in 1½ cups heavy cream, 1 cup low-sodium chicken broth, and 1 ounce taco seasoning; season with salt and pepper and stir to combine.
Stir in 8 ounces dry penne and bring the mixture to a light boil, stirring occasionally so pasta does not stick.
Once boiling, reduce heat to low, add the drained and rinsed 7 ounces corn, 7 ounces black beans, and 7 ounces diced tomatoes, then stir to combine.
Cover and simmer on low for about 20 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the pasta is al dente and most liquid is absorbed. Stir the chicken during cooking to finish cooking through.
Remove from heat, stir in ½ cup grated Parmesan until melted and combined.
Garnish with chopped parsley or cilantro if using, then serve immediately.