Place the whole-wheat spaghetti in a large saucepan and add the water so the pasta is submerged.
Add the halved or quartered cherry tomatoes, sliced pitted olives, rinsed capers, anchovy fillets, minced garlic, minced parsley, olive oil, salt, and freshly cracked black pepper to the pan.
Give everything a quick stir to combine and bring the pan to a gentle boil over medium heat; then reduce to medium so the liquid simmers, cover the pan, and cook.
Cook for about 13–15 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the spaghetti is al dente and the sauce has thickened and nearly reduced.
Remove from heat and serve immediately so the pasta stays al dente.