Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in a saucepan over medium heat.
Add the minced garlic and chopped chiles and sauté until the garlic is fragrant and just turning golden, about 1–2 minutes; do not burn.
Pour in the 15 ounces of tomato purée, stir, then reduce heat to low–medium and simmer the sauce, uncovered, for about 30 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Season the sauce with 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper, taste and adjust if needed.
Meanwhile, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil over medium-high heat and cook the penne according to package directions until al dente.
Reserve about 1 cup of the pasta cooking water, then drain the pasta.
Add the drained pasta to the sauce and toss to combine over low heat; add reserved pasta water a little at a time if the sauce seems too thick until desired consistency is reached.
Serve sprinkled with chopped parsley and grated Pecorino Romano or Parmesan if using, and drizzle with a little extra virgin olive oil.