Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
In a small bowl, combine the softened butter, chopped fresh herbs, 1/2 teaspoon salt, 1/2 teaspoon black pepper, and the juice of half a lemon; add lemon zest if desired and mix until smooth.
Gently loosen the skin over the breasts and drumsticks by sliding your fingers between the skin and meat, being careful not to tear the skin.
Spread the herb butter under the loosened skin, starting at the breasts and working toward the drumsticks; use any remaining butter to coat the inside cavity and the outside skin.
Season the exterior of the chicken with a little extra salt and pepper if desired, then place the chicken breast-side up in a roasting pan or baking dish.
Place the two lemon halves and any leftover herbs inside the cavity of the chicken.
Bake the chicken in the preheated oven for about 50–60 minutes, or until a meat thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the thigh reads 180°F (82°C) and the juices run clear.
Remove the chicken from the oven and let it rest for 10 to 15 minutes before carving so the juices redistribute.