Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Place the skinless salmon on the prepared sheet and brush with 1 tablespoon of olive oil; season with 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt and 1/4 teaspoon black pepper.
Bake the salmon until firm and flaky, about 15 minutes.
While the salmon bakes, heat the remaining 1 tablespoon olive oil in a skillet over medium heat.
Add 2 minced garlic cloves to the hot skillet, then add the chopped kale and shredded carrots; cook, stirring often, until the kale is wilted and tender, about 5–7 minutes.
Stir in the cooked quinoa and chopped cashews and cook just until heated through, about 1–2 minutes; remove from heat.
In a small bowl, whisk together the Greek yogurt, 1 teaspoon lemon juice, 1 grated garlic clove, 1/2 teaspoon lemon zest, and 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt; let sit about 10 minutes.
Spoon the kale and quinoa mixture into serving bowls, top with baked salmon, and drizzle the yogurt-cashew sauce over the salmon before serving.