Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease your cake pan with nonstick cooking spray and lightly dust it with flour to prevent sticking.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the cake flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, beat the large eggs and granulated sugar together using a whisk until the mixture is pale and fluffy, about 3-5 minutes.
Slowly drizzle in the extra virgin olive oil while continuing to whisk. Then, add the whole milk, lemon juice, and lemon zest, mixing until well combined.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, folding gently with a rubber spatula until just combined. Avoid overmixing to keep the cake tender.
Pour the batter into your prepared cake pan, smoothing the top with a spatula. Bake in the preheated oven for 30-35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
Once baked, let the cake cool in the pan for about 10 minutes before transferring it to a wire rack to cool completely. Once cooled, dust the top with powdered sugar if desired.